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[原创] 武汉好玩的地方:黄鹤楼(Yellow Crane tower)

作者:水滴 时间:2007-3-7   标签:湖北  武汉  黄鹤楼  
字体大小:小 中 大 特大
分类:导游地图  精华:精华  推荐:推荐  评论:0  阅读:1602

    号称江南三大名楼之一的黄鹤楼,原址在湖北武昌蛇山黄鹤矶头,原为辛氏开设的酒店,一道士为了感谢她千杯之恩,临行前在壁上画了一只鹤,告之它能下来起舞助兴。从此宾客盈门,生意兴隆。过了十年,道士复来,取笛吹奏,道士跨上黄鹤直上云天。辛氏为纪念这位帮她致富的仙翁,便在其地起楼,取名“黄鹤楼”。



  黄鹤楼濒临万里长江,雄踞蛇山之巅,挺拔独秀,辉煌瑰丽,很自然就成了名传四海的游览胜地。

    历代名士崔颢、李白、白居易、贾岛、陆游、杨慎、张居正等,都先后到这里游乐,吟诗作赋。而崔颢的《黄鹤楼》诗,一直被认为是千古佳作,很多人都能背诵。因这首诗,使很多人产生了对黄鹤楼的怀念,当黄鹤新楼落成之后,它的丰姿令人振奋,是很自然的事。

黄鹤楼下的李白题字

    关于黄鹤楼有许多动人的传说。其中一个传说是有一位名叫费伟的人,在黄鹤山中修炼成仙,然后乘黄鹤升天。后来人们为怀念费伟,便在这黄鹤山上建造了一座黄鹤楼。崔颢的诗与此有关,诗云:“昔人已乘黄鹤去,此地空余黄鹤楼。黄鹤一去不复返,白云千载悠悠。晴川历历汉阳树,芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。日暮乡关何处是,烟波江上使人愁。”

    古黄鹤楼“凡三层,计高9丈2尺,加铜顶7尺,共成九九之数。”新楼要雄伟多了,5层,加5米高的葫芦形宝顶,共高51.4米,比古楼高出将近20米。古楼底层“各宽15米”,而新楼底层则是各宽30米。


  1927年2月,毛泽东考察完湖南农民运动后来到武昌,写下了著名的《菩萨蛮·登黄鹤楼》:“茫茫九派流中国,沉沉一线空南北。烟雨莽苍苍,龟蛇锁大江。黄鹤知何去?剩有游人处。



  1957年建长江大桥武昌引桥时,占用了黄鹤楼旧址,如今重建的黄鹤楼在距旧址约1千米左右的蛇山峰岭上。楼共五层,高50.4米,攒尖顶,层层飞檐,四望如一。在主楼周围还建有胜象宝塔、碑廊、山门等建筑。整个建筑具有独特的民族风格。黄鹤楼内部,层层风格不相同。底层为一高大宽敞的大厅,其正中藻井高达10多米,正面壁上为一幅巨大的“白云黄鹤”陶瓷壁画,两旁立柱上悬挂着长达7米的楹联:爽气西来,云雾扫开天地撼;大江东去,波涛洗净古今愁。二楼大厅正面墙上,有用大理石镌刻的唐代阎伯瑾撰写的《黄鹤楼记》,它记述了黄鹤楼兴废沿革和名人轶事;楼记两侧为两幅壁画,一幅是“孙权筑城”,形象地说明黄鹤楼和武昌城相继诞生的历史;另一幅是“周瑜设宴”,反映三国名人去黄鹤楼的活动。三楼大厅的壁画为唐宋名人的“绣像画”,如崔颢、李白、白居易等,也摘录了他们吟咏黄鹤楼的名句。四楼大厅用屏风分割几个小厅,内置当代名人字画,供游客欣赏、选购。顶层大厅有《长江万里图》等长卷、壁画。  

 

 

The Yellow Crane Tower Is Nationwide Famous

  There are three nationwide famous ancient towers all over China, namely, the Yueyang Tower in Hunan province, Tengwangge (Teng-King-Pavilion) Tower in Jiangxi province and Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei province. And the latter is extremely attractive to all of scholarly visitors or any civilian with literary background. Some legends about the Yellow Crane Tower are still told in China. The following is a typical one.



 Long long ago, there was an aged man with gray hair and long beard who rode a yellow crane, flying slowly to fall down on the top of Mount Snake. All the farmers, old and young, chatting and playing on the hillside with rocky ground were surprised to look at the stranger. One of boys stepped forward to ask him who are you?swheresare you from? ?Listening carefully to the boy, touching his beard, the aged stranger answered: My name is Wang Zi-an [King's Son-safety], my hometown is over there."he pointed out to the blue sky, and rode on the crane's back again to fly lightly to the heaven. The Yellow Crane was fluttering higher and higher, passing through the thin mist and thick cloud and vanishing in the remote dome of the sky. An old farmer said: there are only the cranes in white, in gray or the red-crowned cranes we have seen in our human world, but no crane in yellow. I'm sure the yellow must be a fairy crane. ?And then a mid-aged man said: what we have seen is a strange event, and we should build a pavilion to commemorate what happened to us."sure!"everyone agreed with him. Afterwards, the Yellow Crane Tower was established at the top of Mount Snake. That's the tower's origin.

 


  At first, it was to be built in 223 (during the period of the Three Kingdoms(220-280), China) at the top of Mt Snake lying near the southern Yangtse riverside, in the east part of Wuchang, Wuhan municipalityswheresthe Chinese greatest river and the most important railway line cross each other. However, the most famous tower had been burnt and rebuilt for seven times. The present Yellow Crane Tower was rebuilt and established completely in 1985. It covers 15 hectares. The whole park area is dividedsintosfour parts named the east, the west, the south, and the north. In the east part, the exhibition halls are used to display the story of the Chinese national hero Yue Fei (1103-1142), the west part is the main body of the whole scenic areaswheresthe tower stands up. The north area is full of the azalea, bamboo, pine and the like as a plant park. And in the south area stand a lot of steles with carved inscriptions written by famous scholars, writers and poets such as Li Po (701-762), Cui Hao (695?-754) and Lu Youh (1125-1210)

  The Tang-Dynasty poet Cui Hao wrote one of the most famous poems about the Yellow-Crane Tower:

  Long ago a man riding a yellow crane flew away,

  Leaving the Yellow Crane Tower empty till today.

  The yellow crane has never returned once again

  The 1000-year lonely clouds leisurely remain.

  The river is so clear to mirror the tree shadow,

  The grasses on the Parrot Islet luxuriantly grow.

  I'm not on way home as the sun behind the hill,

  My sorrow waves with the mist-veiled billow.

  Poet Cui Hao was considered as the first-class one with the above poem. Even the greatest poet Li Po had to believe it was not easy to write another one to surpass Cui's level while visiting the Yellow Crane Tower. Li Po said: It's impossible to have a better poem describe such a good view than poet Cui's in front of you.?

  However, Li Po still wrote some lines insgroupsto follow Cui's rhyme and style when he visited the Phoenix Rampart of Nanking:

  Over the phoenix rampart the phoenix flutters;

  The phoenix flying away, the lonely river flows.

  The Wu-palace's grasses with flowers cover its path*;

  The Jin-crown was buried in a mound of the death.*

  Three peaks half-fallen beyond the blue sky,

  The Egret Islet divides the river to pass by.

  Always I worry floating clouds cover the sun,

  Missing the Tang capital Chang'an not seen.*

  And also Li Po wrote a poem about the Parrot Islet as one scenic spot of the whole Yellow Crane Tower area:

  The river rolls east by the Parrot Islet,

  The islet lying in the river called Parrot.

  A parrot flew west over Leng Mountain;

  The fragrant islet's trees luxuriantly green.

  From the ancient to the present, all the Chinese people have a strong desire to visit the Yellow Crane Tower. Even our late great leader Chairman Mao visited it on purpose many years ago, and also wrote a poem entitled the Yellow Crane Tower.

  He wrote like this:

  China has nine great tributaries flow widely long.

  One north-south railway line lies heavily strong.

  The misty rain is vague to be falling down.

  Mt Tortoise and Snake lock the river on.

  Where did the Yellow Crane fly?

  It just left visitors?resort nigh.

  Toast to the torrent with a cup of wine,

  My tidal surge emotion is much high.

  From all the above-mentioned poems we can conclude that visiting some Chinese cultural scenic spots is very helpful and significant for everyone, especially for those who want to understand the Chinese traditional culture. Almost all of good views in China are related to tower, pavilion, temple or different kinds of memorial halls used to commemorate the Chinese celebrities due to the people's worship, respect or love. Not only we could enjoy China's natural beauty but also learn something about what we need in ideological study.

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